压力管道泄漏声发射源定位的实验研究

结合实验室声发射仪和油气管道设备,建立了充气管道泄漏声发射检测系统模型,分别在传感器间距、管道压力和泄漏量三种变化状态下进行了泄漏源定位影响实验。对管道泄漏声发射信号的时域统计特征、频域分布特征以及泄漏信号的相关性作了分析;从声信号能量累计和衰减特性方面对互相关定位法和幅度衰减测量区域定位法的可行性进行了计算,表明在传感器间距较小和泄漏量较小的状态下,在背景噪声较小的环境中,用互相关法具有较好的定位精度;而幅度衰减测量区域定位方法对泄漏源的定位误差较大。     

矿用空压机安全保护装置检测检验问题探讨

在广泛开展矿山企业在用空气压缩机安全检测检验工作过程中,发现90%以上的设备普遍存在未配置或未完全配置应有的温度、压力安全保护装置。分析各装置的功能要求和标准的相关规定,基于设备当前安装、使用状态和存在的各类问题,探讨在原系统相应部位通过增加系列电气元件及机械配件,使之满足标准的安全要求的改造方法,从而消除空压机系统因温度、压力过高而造成爆炸事故的隐患,同时避免重复投入造成资金浪费。为使所装设的安全保护装置动作可靠、发挥有效作用,特介绍了有关检测试验方法,以增强检测检验工作的可操作性,确保检测数据真实可靠。     

美国太阳反射镜步进应力加速老化试验

为了应对降低聚光发电(CSP)成本带来的挑战,研发新型的低成本反射镜材料,包括金属聚合物反射镜。通过将太阳反射镜暴露在紫外光下,利用试验应用方法和统计推论技术,定量评估和改进太阳光反射镜在紫外光下与失效机制相关的使用寿命。将利用超加速环境系统评估由紫外暴露加速老化导致的多种性能退化模式。由于样品数量、试验条件、性能退化和失效模式等原因,试验结果可用于深入推导失效机制、关联物理参数、服役寿命和不确定性。在有必要利用高级方案和统计推论的复杂情况下,建议采用步进应力加速老化试验方法。     

基于极大似然估计的加速因子计算方法

目的在产品寿命服从参数未知指数分布的情况下,分析定时转换步加试验得到的数据,估算相关的加速因子。方法列出各应力下的寿命分布密度函数形式,通过加速因子建立各分布密度函数之间的联系,以条件概率的方式处理步加试验每一阶段开始时的累积损伤问题,以极大似然估计的方法进行参数估计。结果得出了一种新的估算加速因子的方法,计算获得了产品在所分析应力下加速因子与应力水平之间的关系。结论利用该方法能很好地处理某应力下无失效发生的情况。     

Suitability of ignition source “exploding wire” for determination of dust explosion characteristics in the 20-L-sphere

Several safety characteristics of dusts are determined in the 20-L-sphere (also known as SIWEK Chamber) according to international standards. Dust cloud ignition is carried out using pyrotechnical igniters. Due to various disadvantages of such igniters the need for alternative ignition sources arises again and again. An alternative could be an ignition source which is known as “exploding wire” or “fuse wire”. The paper presents test results of a comparative study between both ignition sources for the determination of the safety characteristics “Maximum Explosion Pressure” and “Maximum Rate of Explosion Pressure Rise” of five selected dusts in the 20-L-sphere. In addition to that the ignition mechanisms of both ignition sources were analyzed by high speed camera recordings and the ignition energy was determined with electric and calorimetric recordings. The paper shows results of measurements of the ignition energy of both ignition sources as well as sequences of the flame propagation.     

Measurement Accuracy of the Electrosensitive Protective Device Response Time When Using the Double Penetration Method

The Double Penetration Method (DPM) method of measuring ESPD (Electrosensitive Protective Device) response time was presented by Dzwiarek (1997). Calibrating the measuring equipment is a crucial stage of the procedure. Experimental verification of theoretical predictions is also crucial. For calibration purposes, a device simulating real ESPD operation thus enabling a correct setting of the response time was designed (Dzwiarek, 1997).

Theoretical analysis has shown that measuring ESPD response time with the DPM is subject to localisation errors made in the localisation of the detection zone border, rod position measurement errors made during highspeed penetration, and time delay measurement errors. The values of all those components of the total error have been determined experimentally using the calibrating device. Measurements have been taken under conditions as close to real ones as possible proving that the total measurement error is really enclosed within the assumed limits.     

电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池芯试验中的实验室安全和防护

实验室标准化试验的条件远比装车使用严酷得多,在电驱动道路车辆的动力锂离子电池试验的过程中,实验室的安全是不可忽视的问题。基于实践和探索,本文介绍了关于电池芯试验的安全和防护。     

电驱动道路车辆 动力双层电容电气特性试验条件和要求

本文结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,介绍了电驱动道路车辆动力双层电容电气特性试验条件和要求。供实验室和相关产品的供需双方参考。     

小产权房问题研究

对当前我国存在的小产权房所涉及的法律问题进行了研究分析,从小产权的概念、产生的原因入手,主要论述了小产权房产生的现实原因及深层次的制度原因。小产权房产生的现实原因主要有：高房价的促使、政府监管的不到位、保障性住房的缺位。深层次的制度原因主要是我国农村集体土地使用权流转机制的缺失。因此,政府应通过调控抑制高房价,加强政府部门的监管力度,完善我国的保障性住房建设,以及在制度层面上对我国农村集体建设用地使用权流转制度进行变革。     

Resource and Environmental Issues in Transitional China: A Perspective from the Interaction Among Market,Government and Society

Abstract

Along with the rapid growth of economy in the postreform period after 1979, China has faced severe problems of resource overusing and environmental degradation which would threaten the sustainable development of economy and society. This article explores an effective mechanism of managing resource and environment in China. It examines some major resource and environmental issues, and constructs a framework of institution innovation to cover three sectors (government, market and society). In addition, the article analyzes their experience and evaluation in resource management and environmental conservation during the transitional period. We argue that the combination of market regulation, government intervention and public participation is an effective way of allocating resource and protecting environment. Some suggestions are put forward to balance the relationship between them, including coordinating role of government and market, building platform for market operation and creating an atmosphere of public participation.